Marija Gimbutas (born Marija Birutė Alseikaitė in Vilnius, Lithuania January 23, 1921 – died in Los Angeles February 2, 1994)
researched the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe", a term she introduced. Her works published between 1946 and 1971 introduced new views by combining traditional spadework with linguistics and mythological interpretation.
researched the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of "Old Europe", a term she introduced. Her works published between 1946 and 1971 introduced new views by combining traditional spadework with linguistics and mythological interpretation.
When Marija Gimbutas died in 1994 she was already considered to be one of the most influential and controversial archaeologists of this century. At a time when most scholars of ancient history confined themselves to recording and describing data, she dared to look for meaning. Her interpretations engage fundamental issues: Is war inevitable? Have men always dominated women? What are the true roots of Western culture?"
She is probably one of the best known scholars in this field, primarily for her news-making theories concerning evidence for a woman-focused religion six thousand years ago, called the Goddess cult. She conducted archaeological work at sites such as Sitagroi, Anza and Achilleion. A prolific writer, Gimbuta's work included a melding of language, myth, ethnography and archaeology. Trained at Tubingen and Harvard universities, Gimbutas was a fellow of the Peabody Museum at Harvard, and taught and conducted research at the University of California at Los Angeles. Although her theories are considered speculative, particularly by researchers such as Ruth Tringham and Peter Ucko, there is no doubt that her fearless emphasis on the potential for female headed cults has influenced the study of ancient Bronze and Neolithic cultures.
Marija Gimbutas
THE EARTH FERTILITY OF OLD EUROPE (recortes en imágenes del PDF)
TRIANGULOS pubicos, vulvas, embarazadas. Fertilidad y abundancia. Cosechas de cereal.
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| IDOLO de TARA tamaranita (TELDE / Gran Canaria) |
DIOSA fértil y simbolismos femeninos matriarcales
PANES y bizcochos, ofrendas de la fertilidad a la DIOSA. El pan-María.
MONTES SAGRADOS de la Diosa de la Fertilidad
Fecundidad, matrimonio y piedras sagradas
UTEROS, tumbas y cuevas. Muerte y Vida.
Cuevas cámaras de enterramiento, vaginas y úteros. La Madre de la Muerte.
Agujeros de sanidad en los Megalitos sagrados
Entradas a tumbas megalitas estrechas y dificiles, a veces vulvas.
Útero y eterna madre Tierra, Naturaleza sagrada femenina.
==Works==
* Gimbutas, Marija 1946. Die Bestättung in Litauen in der vorgeschichtlichen Zeit. Tübingen: In Kommission bei J.C.B. Mohr.
* Gimbutas, Marija: Ancient symbolism in Lithuanian folk art. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 1958. Memoirs of the American Folklore Society 49.
* Gimbutas, Marija ,1961. "Notes on the chronology and expansion of the Pit-grave culture", in J. Bohm & S. J. De Laet (eds), L’Europe à la fin de 1’Age de la pierre: 193-200. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.
* Gimbutas, Marija 1963. The Balts. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 33.
* Gimbutas, Marija 1965. Bronze Age cultures in Central and Eastern Europe. The Hague/London: Mouton.
* Colin Renfrew, Marija Gimbutas and Ernestine S. Elster 1986. Excavations at Sitagroi, a prehistoric village in northeast Greece. Vol. 1. Los Angeles : Institute of Archaeology, University of California, 1986, Monumenta archaeologica 13.
* Marija Gimbutienė 1985. Baltai priešistoriniais laikais : etnogenezė, materialinė kultūra ir mitologija. Vilnius: Mokslas.
* Gimbutas, Marija 1974. The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe
* Marija Gimbutas (ed.) 1976. Neolithic Macedonia as reflected by excavation at Anza, southeast Yugoslavia. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, 1976. Monumenta archaeologica 1.
* Marija Gimbutas 1977. "The first wave of Eurasian steppe pastoralists into Copper Age Europe", Journal of Indo-European Studies 5: 277-338.
* Marija Gimbutas 1980. "The Kurgan wave #2 (c.3400-3200 BC) into Europe and the following transformation of culture", Journal of Indo-European Studies 8: 273-315.
* Marija Gimbutas 1989. The Language of the Goddess.
* Marija Gimbutas, Shan Winn, Daniel Shimabuku, 1989. "Achilleion: a Neolithic settlement in Thessaly, Greece, 6400-5600 B.C." Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Monumenta archaeologica 14.
* Marija Gimbutas 1991. The Civilization of the Goddess
* Gimbutas, Marija 1992. Die Ethnogenese der europäischen Indogermanen. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft , Vorträge und kleinere Schriften 54.
* Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Karlene Jones-Bley 1997 (eds), The Kurgan culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe. Selected articles from 1952 to 1993 by M. Gimbutas. Journal of Indo-European Studies monograph 18, Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
* Gimbutas, Marija, edited and supplemented by Miriam Robbins Dexter, 1999 The Living Goddesses. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
* Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Edgar C. Polomé, eds. 1997, "Varia on the Indo-European Past: Papers in Memory of Marija Gimbutas." Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph #19. Washington, DC: The Institute for the Study of Man.
==Sources==
* John Chapman 1998. "The impact of modern invasions and migrations on archaeological explanation. A biographical sketch of Marija Gimbutas." In M. Díaz-Andreu/M.-L. Stig Sørensen (eds.), Excavating Women (London:Unwin) pp 295-314.
* A. Häusler 1995. "Über Archäologie und den Ursprung der Indogermanen." In M. Kuna/N. Venclová (eds), Whither archaeology? Papers in honour of Evzen Neustupny (Prague, Akademie) pp 211-229.
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